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To be completed.

To be completed.

“Mshak” was an Armenian language literary and political daily newspaper (weekly when established) published from 1872-1920 in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia). It was founded by Grigor Artsruni.

Mshak was famous particularly for its liberal ideas, promoting the creation of a united Armenian state inside Russia.

In 1921, after the Soviet invasion of Georgia, Mshak, along with other anti-Bolshevik media, was closed.

The Diocese of Jerusalem was founded in 1841 under the joint auspices of Queen Victoria and King Frederick William IV of Prussia. The bishops were to be nominated alternately by the English and Prussian sovereigns, to be consecrated by Anglican bishops and to have spiritual jurisdiction over Anglican and Lutheran Christians in Palestine. In 1881, however, a failure to obtain episcopal orders for the Lutherans prepared the way for the withdrawal of Prussia, and the bishopric fell into abeyance for almost six years. It was finally reconstituted on a purely Anglican basis and on 25 March 1887 the Venerable Archdeacon Blyth was consecrated Bishop in Jerusalem with jurisdiction over Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor, Cyprus, the region around the Red Sea, and, later, the Sudan and Iran. The Jerusalem Bishopric Fund, later the Jerusalem and East Mission Fund was set up by Bishop Blyth for the maintenance and development of the work of the diocese. In 1920 Egypt and the Sudan were separated from Jerusalem to form a new diocese with Llewellyn Gwynne as bishop. In 1939 the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Assyrian Mission came fully under the control of J&EM. The diocese of Jerusalem became the seat of a province in July 1957 and at the same time a new diocese of Jordan, Lebanon and Syria was created. At the time of writing the province is composed of the following dioceses: Jerusalem; Cyprus and the Gulf; Egypt; Iran.

The Apostolic Delegation in Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was created on 11 March 1929, when it was separated from Syria and put under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Delegation in Egypt.
On 15 June 1934 Mgr Gustavo Testa (1886-1969) was appointed Apostolic Delegate in Egypt, Arabia, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and Titular Bishop of Amasea. He returned to Rome in 1941 and Mgr Arthur Hughes was appointed chargé d'affaires of the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and then Regent until 1948. Mgr Testa served again as Apostolic Delegate since 1947. On 11 February 1948 the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was set up autonomously with its see in Jerusalem. Mgr Testa was appointed first Delegate and serve until 1953.

The Apostolic Delegation in Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was created on 11 March 1929, when it was separated from Syria and put under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Delegation in Egypt.
On 15 June 1934 Mgr Gustavo Testa (1886-1969) was appointed Apostolic Delegate in Egypt, Arabia, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and Titular Bishop of Amasea. He returned to Rome in 1941 and Mgr Arthur Hughes was appointed chargé d'affaires of the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and then Regent until 1948. Mgr Testa served again as Apostolic Delegate since 1947. On 11 February 1948 the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was set up autonomously with its see in Jerusalem. Mgr Testa was appointed first Delegate and serve until 1953.

Ottoman period:
Jerusalem municipal council (majlis baladiyya, meclis-i belediye) came into existence in the early 1860s. Jerusalem was, in fact, one of the very first cities within the Ottoman Empire to form a municipality, which was further consolidated after the Ottoman law on municipalities in 1877. From the 1880s onward, the municipal council was composed of nine to twelve members, elected for a renewable mandate of four years: there were generally six Muslims, two Christians, and one or two Jews on the council (depending on the period), in addition to a maximum of four ex officio members.

Mandate period:
Construction of the historical city hall building in 1930 (used until 1993)

From 1948: to be completed.

Since its creation in 1789, the Department of State has carried out a series of reorganizations and has created new offices and bureaus to deal with new diplomatic challenges. https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory

The Catholicos of All Armenians (Armenian: Ամենայն Հայոց Կաթողիկոս) is the chief bishop and spiritual leader of Armenia's national church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, and the worldwide Armenian diaspora. The seat of the Catholicos, and the spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church, is the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, located in the city of Vagharshapat.
The National Ecclesiastical Assembly is the supreme legislative body presided over by the Catholicos of All Armenians. The members of the National Ecclesiastical Assembly are elected by the individual Diocesan Assemblies. The National Ecclesiastical Assembly elects the Catholicos of All Armenians.

Hakob Oshakan (December 9 , 1883 Buddha , Turkey - February 17 , 1948 , Aleppo , Syria ), well-known Western-Armenian writer, teacher and educator.