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“Mshak” was an Armenian language literary and political daily newspaper (weekly when established) published from 1872-1920 in Tiflis, Russian Empire (now Tbilisi, Georgia). It was founded by Grigor Artsruni.

Mshak was famous particularly for its liberal ideas, promoting the creation of a united Armenian state inside Russia.

In 1921, after the Soviet invasion of Georgia, Mshak, along with other anti-Bolshevik media, was closed.

The Diocese of Jerusalem was founded in 1841 under the joint auspices of Queen Victoria and King Frederick William IV of Prussia. The bishops were to be nominated alternately by the English and Prussian sovereigns, to be consecrated by Anglican bishops and to have spiritual jurisdiction over Anglican and Lutheran Christians in Palestine. In 1881, however, a failure to obtain episcopal orders for the Lutherans prepared the way for the withdrawal of Prussia, and the bishopric fell into abeyance for almost six years. It was finally reconstituted on a purely Anglican basis and on 25 March 1887 the Venerable Archdeacon Blyth was consecrated Bishop in Jerusalem with jurisdiction over Syria, Egypt, Asia Minor, Cyprus, the region around the Red Sea, and, later, the Sudan and Iran. The Jerusalem Bishopric Fund, later the Jerusalem and East Mission Fund was set up by Bishop Blyth for the maintenance and development of the work of the diocese. In 1920 Egypt and the Sudan were separated from Jerusalem to form a new diocese with Llewellyn Gwynne as bishop. In 1939 the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Assyrian Mission came fully under the control of J&EM. The diocese of Jerusalem became the seat of a province in July 1957 and at the same time a new diocese of Jordan, Lebanon and Syria was created. At the time of writing the province is composed of the following dioceses: Jerusalem; Cyprus and the Gulf; Egypt; Iran.

The Apostolic Delegation in Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was created on 11 March 1929, when it was separated from Syria and put under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Delegation in Egypt.
On 15 June 1934 Mgr Gustavo Testa (1886-1969) was appointed Apostolic Delegate in Egypt, Arabia, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and Titular Bishop of Amasea. He returned to Rome in 1941 and Mgr Arthur Hughes was appointed chargé d'affaires of the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and then Regent until 1948. Mgr Testa served again as Apostolic Delegate since 1947. On 11 February 1948 the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was set up autonomously with its see in Jerusalem. Mgr Testa was appointed first Delegate and serve until 1953.

The Apostolic Delegation in Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was created on 11 March 1929, when it was separated from Syria and put under the jurisdiction of the Apostolic Delegation in Egypt.
On 15 June 1934 Mgr Gustavo Testa (1886-1969) was appointed Apostolic Delegate in Egypt, Arabia, Eritrea, Abyssinia, Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and Titular Bishop of Amasea. He returned to Rome in 1941 and Mgr Arthur Hughes was appointed chargé d'affaires of the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus and then Regent until 1948. Mgr Testa served again as Apostolic Delegate since 1947. On 11 February 1948 the Apostolic Delegation of Palestine, Transjordan and Cyprus was set up autonomously with its see in Jerusalem. Mgr Testa was appointed first Delegate and serve until 1953.

Ottoman period:
Jerusalem municipal council (majlis baladiyya, meclis-i belediye) came into existence in the early 1860s. Jerusalem was, in fact, one of the very first cities within the Ottoman Empire to form a municipality, which was further consolidated after the Ottoman law on municipalities in 1877. From the 1880s onward, the municipal council was composed of nine to twelve members, elected for a renewable mandate of four years: there were generally six Muslims, two Christians, and one or two Jews on the council (depending on the period), in addition to a maximum of four ex officio members.

Mandate period:
Construction of the historical city hall building in 1930 (used until 1993)

From 1948: to be completed.

Since its creation in 1789, the Department of State has carried out a series of reorganizations and has created new offices and bureaus to deal with new diplomatic challenges. https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory

The Catholicos of All Armenians (Armenian: Ամենայն Հայոց Կաթողիկոս) is the chief bishop and spiritual leader of Armenia's national church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, and the worldwide Armenian diaspora. The seat of the Catholicos, and the spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church, is the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, located in the city of Vagharshapat.
The National Ecclesiastical Assembly is the supreme legislative body presided over by the Catholicos of All Armenians. The members of the National Ecclesiastical Assembly are elected by the individual Diocesan Assemblies. The National Ecclesiastical Assembly elects the Catholicos of All Armenians.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Turkish: Hariciye Nezâreti) was the department of the Imperial Government responsible for the foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire, from its establishment in 1836 to its abolition in 1922. Before 1836, foreign relations were managed by the Reis ül-Küttab, who was replaced by a Western-style ministry as part of the Tanzimat modernization reforms. The successor of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Republic.

The Prussian Consulate in Jerusalem was established in 1842. From 1868 it operated as the Consulate of the Norddeutsche Bund and during the years 1871‐1913 as the Consulate ‐ and since 1913 as the Consulate General ‐ of the German Reich. In 1844 a German Consular Agency was established in Jaffa, which acted as a branch of the Consulate in Jerusalem. In 1870 the office in Jaffa was recognized as a Vice‐Consulate. A professional consul was appointed in Jaffa in 1895 and the status of the office was altered accordingly to include jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. In Haifa a Consular Agency began functioning in 1877 which became a Vice‐Consulate in 1908. With the conquest of Palestine by the Allied armies in 1917 the consulates were closed and German interests were handled by the Spanish Consulate. In 1924 a German Consular Representative was attached to the Spanish Consulate and in 1925 a German Consul for Palestine was re‐appointed. The Consulate was closed in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II.

During its first 25 years, the Jerusalem consulate was subordinate to the administrative authority of the consulate-general in Beyrouth; it was placed under the direct supervision of the foreign ministry in Berlin in 1868 and officially elevated to the rank of “consulate-general” in 1913.

During its 97 years of activity, the territorial limits of the consulate in Jerusalem underwent several changes. During the Ottoman period, the jurisdiction of the consulate was coextensive with the administrative domain of the sanjak (district) of Jerusalem, which included Jaffa and the Gaza area. In 1871, the sanjaks of Acre and Nablus were added, but a decade later the sanjak of Acre, including Haifa, was transferred to the authority of the German consul in Beyrouth. In 1883, the new sanjak of Ma’an (southern Transjordan) was brought under the jurisdiction of the consul in Jerusalem.

Archives held at ISA (Jerusalem) with a duplicate in Berlin.