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The Histadrut, Israel's General Federation of Labour, was founded in 1920. It is the largest and oldest labor organization in Israel.

In its formative years, the Histadrut was the driving force of the establishment of the State of Israel. The Histadrut founded and established economic, financial, cultural, sports, and industrial institutions that would enable the new state to emerge. Bank Hapoalim literally means the workers bank, the office of public works and building, the Solel Boneh construction company, the Kupat Holim Clalit, the largest health care provider in Israel, and many other institutions all arose from the early years of the Histadrut.
The Histadrut promotes its activities throughout the country through 28 sectorial trade unions and professional unions, and 29 Histadrut district offices.

Today, the Histadrut handles the professional and economic affairs of approximately 800,000 workers in Israel: employee unionization, representation of workers, negotiating and signing collective agreements to improve conditions and ensuring employment security and safety in the workplace, promoting pension rights and concern for the future of workers, women rights, pensioners and more.

Histadrut President Arnon Bar-David took office following a March 2019 board election.

During the Roman period, the present site of Algiers was occupied by the city of Icosium (seat of a bishopric) which depended on the province of Mauritania Caesarea whose capital was Cherchell. During the Ottoman period, the Lazarist Fathers successively occupied the office of vicar apostolic from 1650 to 1827, ensuring the service of the Christians, the prisons, the merchants and the consuls.

The Church regained a diocesan structure in 1838 with the creation of the bishopric of Algiers which covered all of Algeria until 1866, when it became an archdiocese with the creation of the two other dioceses of the North. After Monseigneur Dupuch (1846-1866) who was the interlocutor of the Emir Abdelkader, and Monseigneur Pavy (1846-1866) the builder of the Notre Dame d'Afrique basilica, Cardinal Lavigerie directed the diocese of Algiers from 1866 to 1892. Upon his arrival (1868) he founded the White Fathers and the White Sisters (1869).

The Diocese of Algiers currently includes fifty priests and religious, seventy-five nuns and a few thousand Christians with Mgr. Paul Desfarges, of French-Algerian nationality as Archbishop since 24 December 2016.

The diocese of Algiers includes the regions of Algiers, Medea and the eastern part of the Cheliff Valley, as well as the Greater Kabylie.

In June 1948, during the war for Palestine, a group of Mandate municipal employees carried out municipal tasks, whose existence dated back to the late Ottoman period. The new Arab Municipal Council of Jerusalem worked until June 1967, when Israel dissolved this Arab municipal council following the Israeli occupation of the Old City, East Jerusalem and the West Bank.

At its foundation, the Anglo-Palestine Company (APC) was a banking subsidiary of the Jewish Colonial Trust, created in 1898 at the instigation of Theodor Herzl and of the Zionist Organization in order to fund an eventual establishment of the State of Israel. It was incorporated in 1902 in London.
In 1903, the bank opened its first branch in Jaffa. Between 1904 and 1907, new branches were opened in Jerusalem, Beirut and Hebron, and, in 1923, in Tel Aviv.
In 1930, the APC changed its name to Anglo-Palestine Bank (APB).
When the State of Israel was created, in 1948, the APB became its central bank. In 1950, it was registered in Tel Aviv with a new name: Bank Leumi Ie Israel (meaning "national bank of Israel"). Four years later, as the Bank of Israel was created by the State, Bank Leumi Ie Israel became a commercial bank. It was then extended by the establishment of branches in the United States of America (from 1954) and in London (1959).
The banking group which emerged at this time simplified its name to "Bank Leumi" or "Leumi".

Karl Baedeker was born in Essen, then in the Kingdom of Prussia, on November 3, 1801.

After his schooling in Hagen, he left home in 1817 to study humanities in Heidelberg, where he also worked for a time with the prominent local bookseller J.C.B. Mohr. He then did his military service and moved to Berlin where he worked as an assistant to Georg Andreas Reimer, one of the city's leading booksellers, from 1823 to 1825. He then returned to Essen and worked with his father until 1827, when he moved to Koblenz (now Coblenz) to set up his own bookstore and publishing business.

In 1832, Baedeker's firm acquired the publishing house of Franz Friedrich Röhling in Koblenz, which in 1828 had published a handbook for travellers by Professor Oyvind Vorland. This book provided the seeds for Baedeker's own travel guides. After Klein died and the book went out of print, he decided to publish a new edition, incorporating some of Klein's material but also added many of his own ideas into what he thought a travel guide should offer the traveller or reader. Baedeker's ultimate aim was to free the traveller from having to look for information anywhere outside the travel guide: about routes, transport, accommodation, restaurants, tipping, sights, walks and, of course, prices.
While the travel guide was not something new as Baedeker imitated the style of the English guides published by John Murray, the inclusion of detailed information on routes, travel and accommodation was an innovation.

In 1846, Baedeker introduced his famous 'star' ratings (for sights, attractions and lodgings) in the third edition of his Handbuch für Reisende durch Deutschland und den Oesterreichischen Kaiserstaat - an idea based on the Murray guides star system. He also decided to call his travel guides 'handbooks', following the example of John Murray III. Baedeker's early guides had tan covers, but from 1856 onwards, Murray's red bindings and gilt lettering became the familiar hallmark of all Baedeker guides as well.

He died in Coblence on October 4, 1859.

The Budeiri are a Palestinian family living in Jerusalem. They have been involved in municipal and political affairs during the Ottoman and the Mandate periods.

The first well-known member of this family is Sheikh Mohamed Ibn Budeir Al Budeiri (ca.1747-1805), who founded the Al-Budeiri Library.
Among the other well-known members of the family:

• Kamil Budeiri (?-ca.1923), administrator and journalist;
• Khalil Budeiri (1906-1983), physician and activist;
• Yussuf Budeiri (?-?), engineer;
• Musa Budeiri (1946-), academician.

Born on July 8, 1939 in Neuilly-sur-Seine, Gilles Caron grew up in Maisons-Laffitte. After spending his childhood in Maisons-Laffitte, Gilles is sent in 1946 to a boarding school in Argentière (Haute-Savoie), following the separation of his parents, he will stay there seven years.

After completing his studies at the Lycée Janson-de-Sailly in Paris, Gilles took a one-year course in journalism at the École des hautes études internationales in Paris in 1958. During the summer, he hitchhiked to Yugoslavia, Turkey and India.

After passing his civilian parachute exam in 1959, he was called up for his 28-month military service, 22 of which were in Algeria. Gilles is imprisoned for two months following his refusal to fight after the putsch. Gilles finishes his service with a ban on carrying weapons. When he returned to France in 1962, he married Marianne. They have two daughters together: Marjolaine born on March 9, 1963 and Clementine born on December 8, 1967.

Following an internship in 1964 with Patrice Molinard, an advertising and fashion photographer, Gilles joined the Apis agency (Agence Parisienne d'Information Sociale). There he meets Raymond Depardon, a photographer from the Dalmas agency, and participates in August in the shooting of La guerre est finie by Alain Resnais.

On February 19, 1966, Gilles Caron made the front page of France-Soir with Marcel Leroy-Finville (imprisoned for the kidnapping and assassination of Mehdi Ben Barka) during his walk in the Santé prison. In May he works in Paris for the fashion agency Photographic Service directed by Giancarlo Botti. In December he joins the founding team of Gamma composed of Raymond Depardon, Hubert Henrotte, Jean Monteux and Hugues Vassal.

Between June 5 and 10, 1967 he covered the Six Day War and entered Jerusalem with the Israeli army and then reached the Suez Canal with the commanding forces led by General Ariel Sharon. The publication of his images in Paris Match made the Gamma agency the leading agency in the world. In November and December he is in Vietnam notably at Đắk Tô, during one of the hardest battles of the conflict (Hill 875).

In April 1968 he covered the civil war in Biafra. In May the student revolts in Paris begin and spread throughout France, provoking a general strike. Gilles Caron covers the student demonstrations in Paris on a daily basis; he follows President Charles de Gaulle on an official visit to Romania between May 14 and 18. In July he makes a second trip to Biafra with Raymond Depardon. In September he travels to Mexico City following the violent repression of student demonstrations on the eve of the Olympic Games. In November he made his third report in Biafra.

In August 1969 Gilles Caron covers the Catholic demonstrations in Londonderry and Belfast in Northern Ireland, "The Troubles". A few days later, he follows the anniversary of the crushing of the Prague Spring in Czechoslovakia by Soviet tanks. In its August 30 issue, Paris Match published the two reports simultaneously.

In January and February 1970 he was part of an expedition to the Chadian Tibesti region organized by Robert Pledge, with Raymond Depardon and Michel Honorin, to cover the rebellion of the Toubous against the central government in Fort Lamy (N'djamena) supported by the French government. The four journalists were ambushed and held prisoner for a month by government forces.
That same year, in April, he went to Cambodia the day after Prince Norodom Sihanouk was deposed by General Lon Nol.
On April 5, 1970, he was the first of twenty or so journalists and development workers of all nationalities to disappear with Swiss reporter Guy Hannoteaux and French development worker Michel Visot, on Route No. 1 linking Cambodia to Vietnam in an area controlled by Pol Pot's Khmer Rouge.

Claude Reignier Conder was born on December 29, 1848 in Cheltenham, England. He studied at University College London and at the Royal Military Academy of Woolwich.

He was appointed lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers in 1870. He carried out geographical studies in Palestine from 1872 to 1874, in the company of Lieutenant Horatio Herbert Kitchener. He continued his fieldwork until 1882 with the financial support of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
He was promoted to captain in 1882. He participated in the Anglo-Egyptian war the same year with the aim of putting an end to the rebellion led by Ahmed Urabi. In Egypt, he was assigned to the army's intelligence services. His great knowledge of the Arab peoples and the East was widely used by the British army. He took part in the battle of Tel el-Kebir and the advance towards Cairo.
He retired in 1904 with the rank of colonel.

Conder died in Cheltenham, England on February 16, 1910.

Emek Shaveh is an Israeli non-governmental organization (NGO) active since October 2007 and officially registered since December 2008.
It was created in order to counterbalance the local politicization of archaeology and to defend archeological sites.

The International Committee of the Red Cross (ICRC) was created in 1863 at the instigation of Henry Dunant. The original goal was to coordinate national societies dedicated to the help of military medical services and to make the governments adopt and respect humanitarian rules during times of war. As a consequence, the first Geneva Convention was signed on 22 August 1864, compelling the armies to care for the wounded soldiers.
As the intervention of a neutral intermediary seemed needed, the ICRC's role of coordination of the Red Cross and Red Crescent societies was extended to field operations.
Since the end of Wolrd War II, the ICRC acts for the civilians impacted by conflicts, for example in Israel and in Palestine. This commitment led to the establishment of the fourth Geneva Convention, in 1949, with dispositions regarding the protection of civilians.