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The monastery of St. Clare of Jerusalem was founded in 1888 by a French community in Paray-le-Monial (Diocese of Autun). The first nuns arrived in 1884 and began by founding the monastery of St. Clare of Nazareth; the foundation of the monastery of Jerusalem followed in a second step. This first community was led by Mother Elisabeth of Calvary and accompanied by Father Gauthey, Vicar General of the Diocese of Autun. The monastery is under the jurisdiction of the Latin Patriarchate of Jerusalem, restored as a residential seat by Pope Pius IX in 1847.

Several well-known personalities are linked to the history of the monastery. Thus, the establishment of the monastery was initially marked by the support of Léon Harmel, a French industrialist, a prominent figure in French social Catholicism with Albert de Mun. Indeed, Leon Harmel's daughter, Maria Harmel, first of all clarified in Paray-le-Monial joined the adventure of founding the monastery of St. Clare of Jerusalem. Thus, the establishment of the monastery is under permit financed by Léon Harmel's endowments.

The history of the monastery is also marked by an exile in Egypt during the First World War. The Poor Clares then returned to their premises.

The Congregation of the Augustinians of the Assumption was founded in 1845 by Father Emmanuel d'Alzon. Their establishment in Jerusalem was marked by the purchase in 1882 of the land of the future Notre-Dame de France through Count Pierre de Piellat, "benefactor of French works in Palestine" on the one hand and by the purchase in 1887 of the estate of Saint-Pierre en Gallicante, the year in which the first Assumptionist fathers finally settled in Jerusalem.

Emek Shaveh is an Israeli non-governmental organization (NGO) active since October 2007 and officially registered since December 2008.
It was created in order to counterbalance the local politicization of archaeology and to defend archeological sites.

The Foreign Ministry is responsible for the State’s functions, tasks and duties in matters concerning Italy’s political, economic, social and cultural relations with other countries.
Its duty, therefore, is to ensure that the international and European activities of Italy’s other ministries and government offices are consistent with the country’s international policy objectives.
About the Ministry's history : http://www.esteri.it/mae/en/ministero/il_mae

In 1890, Father Marie-Joseph Lagrange opened the "Ecole pratique d'Etudes bibliques" in the Convent of Saint-Etienne to study the Bible within the framework of its development.
In the following years, the buildings of the School, the convent and the basilica were successively built, the dedication of which was celebrated on May 13, 1900.
In 1920, the French government recognized the École Biblique as the French Archaeological School of Jerusalem. The School is then attached to the Académie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres.
From the first generation of professors, we can mention Father Édouard Dhorme, a great assyriologist, Father Louis-Hugues Vincent, who dedicated his life to Palestinian archaeology, Father Abel, a specialist in biblical history and geography, or Father Antonin Jaussen and Raphaël Savignac, who brought back from their explorations an impressive archaeological, epigraphic and ethnographic treasure.
Under the direction of Fr. Roland de Vaux, the second generation worked no less. It undertook real archaeological excavations in several places, starting with Abu Gosh (1946) and Emmaus-Nicopolis. The largest excavations were those of Tell el-Far'ah nord (1946-1960), identified by Fr. de Vaux as the former Tirça, and the exploration of Khirbet Qumran from 1951 onwards. The Qumran excavations were accompanied by a work as long as it was of primary importance on the famous manuscripts. A team of epigraphers was then formed, which worked for many years to identify and publish the fragments found in the caves. At the death of Fr. de Vaux (1971), the archaeology department was taken over by Fr. Benoit, his collaborator for many years, a fine connoisseur of Jerusalem.
The same Fr. Benoit also played an important role in the publication of the first Jerusalem Bible immediately after the Second World War. This new French edition of the Bible, later published in many other languages, was distinguished by its rich notes and in-depth theological reflection. Following the first edition, in fascicles, many reprints were published, promoting the progress of exegetical research, up to the famous Jerusalem Bible of the year 2000.
The scientific activity of the School is also illustrated by its periodical publications, whether it is the Revue Biblique (RB), founded in 1892, the only journal covering the entire biblical field, or the collections of Bible Studies (since 1903) and the Cahiers de la Revue Biblique.
The convent of Saint-Etienne/Biblical School has also housed an important library since the beginning, specialising in the exegesis and archaeology of the Near East.

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Since its creation in 1789, the Department of State has carried out a series of reorganizations and has created new offices and bureaus to deal with new diplomatic challenges. https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory