عرض نتائج٪ 1٪

To be completed.

The Prussian Consulate in Jerusalem was established in 1842. From 1868 it operated as the Consulate of the Norddeutsche Bund and during the years 1871‐1913 as the Consulate ‐ and since 1913 as the Consulate General ‐ of the German Reich. In 1844 a German Consular Agency was established in Jaffa, which acted as a branch of the Consulate in Jerusalem. In 1870 the office in Jaffa was recognized as a Vice‐Consulate. A professional consul was appointed in Jaffa in 1895 and the status of the office was altered accordingly to include jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. In Haifa a Consular Agency began functioning in 1877 which became a Vice‐Consulate in 1908. With the conquest of Palestine by the Allied armies in 1917 the consulates were closed and German interests were handled by the Spanish Consulate. In 1924 a German Consular Representative was attached to the Spanish Consulate and in 1925 a German Consul for Palestine was re‐appointed. The Consulate was closed in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II.

During its first 25 years, the Jerusalem consulate was subordinate to the administrative authority of the consulate-general in Beyrouth; it was placed under the direct supervision of the foreign ministry in Berlin in 1868 and officially elevated to the rank of “consulate-general” in 1913.

During its 97 years of activity, the territorial limits of the consulate in Jerusalem underwent several changes. During the Ottoman period, the jurisdiction of the consulate was coextensive with the administrative domain of the sanjak (district) of Jerusalem, which included Jaffa and the Gaza area. In 1871, the sanjaks of Acre and Nablus were added, but a decade later the sanjak of Acre, including Haifa, was transferred to the authority of the German consul in Beyrouth. In 1883, the new sanjak of Ma’an (southern Transjordan) was brought under the jurisdiction of the consul in Jerusalem.

Archives held at ISA (Jerusalem) with a duplicate in Berlin.

The Armenian National Delegation was established in 1912 in order to defend the interests of Armenians, at a time when the Great Powers were advocating again reforms in favour of the Christian population of the Ottoman Empire’s Eastern provinces, decades after the first diplomatic initiative undertaken at the Berlin Congress in 1878. Boghos Nubar was appointed head of the delegation by the Catholicos Kevork V, and by the end of 1912, had settled in Paris. Thereafter he deployed intense diplomatic activity, especially with Allied governments during the war and in the negotiation of the Treaty of Sèvres (1919), in which he participated alongside the delegation of the short-lived Armenian Republic. The archives of the Armenian National Delegation headed by Boghos Nubar remained at the Nubar Library before being partly transferred to the National Archives in Yerevan in the 1980s. The Nubar Library still retains important documentation consisting of the correspondence of the delegation between 1913 and 1921, and a vast press review collated by Aram Andonian, then secretary of the National Delegation, covering the period between 1919 and 1923.

In Jerusalem, there was a Directorate of Awqâf (Awqaf Müdiriyeti) for the late Ottoman period, namely after Tanzimat (promulgated in 1839). But the Ministry of Awqâf in Istanbul was established in 1826. This application implemented by the central authority was also followed by the local administrations. Then, for the British Mandate and Jordanian periods there were two divisions in Awqâf administration : one was the General Directorate of Awqâf and the other was the Jerusalem Awqâf Administration.

The Department of the Waqf in Jerusalem charged with handling the question of Waqf properties was founded in 1264 H/1845 CE.

In the British Mandatory period these official functions were taken on by a specially created body known as the Supreme Muslim Council. After 1948, the SMC was replaced by the Jordanian government with a body that became known as the Awqaf Administration.

After having studied the production of large aircrafts since the 1880's and having manufactured some prototypes, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin created Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH on September 8th, 1908, thanks to capital provided by people who were passionate about his research. The aircrafts made by the firm could be for military or civilian use.

From the end of World War I to 1926, the production of military and large airwrafts was prohibited in Germany. This situation led the firm to a first diversification of its activity. It resumed its original productions in the late 1920's. In the 1930's, its aircrafts travelled to different and distant countries.

At the end of World War II, the firm ceased to exist, replaced the creation of Metallwerk Friedrichshafen GmbH in 1950 with widely diversified activities. Between 1993 and 1994, the original Zeppelin company was reinstated.

Magnum Photos is an international agency created in 1947 by four photographers (Robert Capa, Henri Cartier-Bresson, George Rodger and David “Chim” Seymour). Its offices are in London (United Kingdom), New York (United States of America) and Paris (France).
Since its foundation, is has operated as a cooperative of photographers living and working all around the world.

The Ministry of Foreign Affairs (Ottoman Turkish: Hariciye Nezâreti) was the department of the Imperial Government responsible for the foreign relations of the Ottoman Empire, from its establishment in 1836 to its abolition in 1922. Before 1836, foreign relations were managed by the Reis ül-Küttab, who was replaced by a Western-style ministry as part of the Tanzimat modernization reforms. The successor of the Ottoman Ministry of Foreign Affairs is the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Turkish Republic.