Showing 125 results

The Procurator (Russian: прокурор, prokuror) was an office initially established in 1722 by Peter the Great, the first Emperor of the Russian Empire, as part of reforms to bring the Russian Orthodox Church more directly under his control.
The Russian word also has the meaning of prosecutor.
The Chief Procurator (also Ober-Procurator; обер-прокурор, ober-prokuror) was the official title of the head of the Most Holy Synod, effectively the lay head of the Russian Orthodox Church, and a member of the Tsar's cabinet. Konstantin Pobedonostsev, a former tutor both of Alexander III and of Nicholas II, was one of the most powerful men to hold the post, from 1880 to 1905.
The General Procurator (Procurator General) and the Chief Procurator were major supervisory positions in the Russian Governing Senate, which functioned from 1711 to 1917, with their meaning changing over time. Eventually Chief Procurator became the title of the head of a department of the Senate.

Born on December 14, 1916 in Seiches-sur-le-Loir in Anjou, Claude Boismard entered the Dominican province of Lyon in 1935, after a bachelor's degree in philosophy, where he received the name Marie-Émile. After military service in the transmissions, immediately followed by the war, he was able to return to the studentate of Saint-Alban-Leysse in 1940, and was ordained a priest in April 1943. He continued his studies at the Saulchoir d'Etiolles and obtained the readership in theology with a thesis on the doxa in Paul's epistles. His superiors decided to have him continue his studies at the École Biblique, which he managed to join in January 1946, after the resumption of regular links.

It is the Master General of the Order who, at Fr. Benoit's request, decides on his definitive assignment to Jerusalem. He joined the faculty in January 1948, after passing the Bible Commission exams. He then specialized in Johannine literature; that is why, in 1948, he was entrusted with the Apocalypse for the edition of the first Jerusalem Bible. He did an excellent translation and a very innovative commentary.

In 1950, the Master of the Order appointed him Professor of the New Testament at the University of Fribourg. Benoit persuaded Fr. Spicq to take his place. Boismard was therefore able to return to Jerusalem and embark on new research on the fourth gospel and Catholic epistles.

He is also involved in a commented synopsis project promoted by Fr. Benoit. He composed about 70% of this synopsis, then the entire literary commentary. He was helped in this task by Fr. Arnaud Lamouille. The commentary appeared in 1972. The literary theories developed there were not unanimously accepted.

With Lamouille, Boismard then attacked the Acts of the Apostles and very quickly realized that the boundary between textual criticism and literary criticism was unstable (the book was indeed known in two versions, the Western text and the Alexandrian text). The result of the work of textual criticism appeared in 1985 in the form of the book Le texte occidental des Actes des Apôtres. Reconstruction and rehabilitation. He then undertook a literary examination of it, presented in the book Les Actes des deux Apôtres, published in 1990. In 1991, Fr. Lamouille, a victim of very serious eye problems, had to leave Jerusalem. Father Boismard lost with him his dearest collaborator.

Boismard then completed two studies begun with Lamouille: Le Diatessaron: from Tatien to Justin (1992) and the first volume of Un évangile préjohannique; Jean 1, 1-2, 12 (1993). He defends one of his dear ideas: the canonical version of the gospels would be longer than their original version. He taught at the School until 2001.

In 1984, he was made an officer of the National Order of Merit and, in 1988, Doctor Honoris causa of the University of Louvain. He died of cancer on April 23, 2004. In his last years, he had published a History of My Life (2002).

Claude Reignier Conder was born on December 29, 1848 in Cheltenham, England. He studied at University College London and at the Royal Military Academy of Woolwich.

He was appointed lieutenant in the Corps of Royal Engineers in 1870. He carried out geographical studies in Palestine from 1872 to 1874, in the company of Lieutenant Horatio Herbert Kitchener. He continued his fieldwork until 1882 with the financial support of the Palestine Exploration Fund.
He was promoted to captain in 1882. He participated in the Anglo-Egyptian war the same year with the aim of putting an end to the rebellion led by Ahmed Urabi. In Egypt, he was assigned to the army's intelligence services. His great knowledge of the Arab peoples and the East was widely used by the British army. He took part in the battle of Tel el-Kebir and the advance towards Cairo.
He retired in 1904 with the rank of colonel.

Conder died in Cheltenham, England on February 16, 1910.

The Congregation of the Augustinians of the Assumption was founded in 1845 by Father Emmanuel d'Alzon. Their establishment in Jerusalem was marked by the purchase in 1882 of the land of the future Notre-Dame de France through Count Pierre de Piellat, "benefactor of French works in Palestine" on the one hand and by the purchase in 1887 of the estate of Saint-Pierre en Gallicante, the year in which the first Assumptionist fathers finally settled in Jerusalem.

The Prussian Consulate in Jerusalem was established in 1842. From 1868 it operated as the Consulate of the Norddeutsche Bund and during the years 1871‐1913 as the Consulate ‐ and since 1913 as the Consulate General ‐ of the German Reich. In 1844 a German Consular Agency was established in Jaffa, which acted as a branch of the Consulate in Jerusalem. In 1870 the office in Jaffa was recognized as a Vice‐Consulate. A professional consul was appointed in Jaffa in 1895 and the status of the office was altered accordingly to include jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters. In Haifa a Consular Agency began functioning in 1877 which became a Vice‐Consulate in 1908. With the conquest of Palestine by the Allied armies in 1917 the consulates were closed and German interests were handled by the Spanish Consulate. In 1924 a German Consular Representative was attached to the Spanish Consulate and in 1925 a German Consul for Palestine was re‐appointed. The Consulate was closed in 1939 at the outbreak of World War II.

During its first 25 years, the Jerusalem consulate was subordinate to the administrative authority of the consulate-general in Beyrouth; it was placed under the direct supervision of the foreign ministry in Berlin in 1868 and officially elevated to the rank of “consulate-general” in 1913.

During its 97 years of activity, the territorial limits of the consulate in Jerusalem underwent several changes. During the Ottoman period, the jurisdiction of the consulate was coextensive with the administrative domain of the sanjak (district) of Jerusalem, which included Jaffa and the Gaza area. In 1871, the sanjaks of Acre and Nablus were added, but a decade later the sanjak of Acre, including Haifa, was transferred to the authority of the German consul in Beyrouth. In 1883, the new sanjak of Ma’an (southern Transjordan) was brought under the jurisdiction of the consul in Jerusalem.

Archives held at ISA (Jerusalem) with a duplicate in Berlin.

The Consulate General of Greece in Jerusalem was established in 1862.

To be completed

[From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custody_of_the_Holy_Land]
The Custody of the Holy Land (Latin: Custodia Terræ Sanctæ) is a custodian priory of the Franciscan order in Jerusalem, founded as Province of the Holy Land in 1217 by Saint Francis of Assisi, who also founded the Franciscan Order. Its mission is to guard "the grace of the Holy Places" of the Holy Land and the rest of the Middle East, "sanctified by the presence of Jesus" as well as pilgrims visiting them, on behalf of the Catholic Church. Between 2004 and 2016, the Custodial Curia was led by Custos Father Pierbattista Pizzaballa, with the approval of the Holy See. Since 2016, the chief custodian has been Francesco Patton. Its headquarters are located in the Monastery of Saint Saviour, a 16th-century Franciscan monastery near the New Gate in the Old City of Jerusalem.

The Catholicos of All Armenians (Armenian: Ամենայն Հայոց Կաթողիկոս) is the chief bishop and spiritual leader of Armenia's national church, the Armenian Apostolic Church, and the worldwide Armenian diaspora. The seat of the Catholicos, and the spiritual and administrative headquarters of the Armenian Church, is the Mother See of Holy Etchmiadzin, located in the city of Vagharshapat.
The National Ecclesiastical Assembly is the supreme legislative body presided over by the Catholicos of All Armenians. The members of the National Ecclesiastical Assembly are elected by the individual Diocesan Assemblies. The National Ecclesiastical Assembly elects the Catholicos of All Armenians.