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Henry Kendall studied architecture in the University of London from 1922 to 1927, before getting a practicum in urban planning in 1928.
He began his career as an urban planner in Malesia (1929-1932) and in England (1935). From 1936 and until the end of the British mandate (1948), he worked in Palestine and for the city of Jerusalem. Afterwards, Henry Kendall worked in Uganda (1948-1956), Zanzibar (1957-1958) and Ghana (1958-1962). Between 1963 and 1966, his activities in Jordan concerned the city of Jerusalem in particular. He then worked in Gibraltar (1967-1977) and was member of the Committee for Historic preservation of the English Countryside (1978-1983).

Ruhi al-Khalidi est un écrivain, un enseignant, un militant et un homme politique de l'Empire ottoman au tournant du XXe siècle.

Il entre à l'école sultanique d'Istanbul en 1893, enseigne par la suite à Jérusalem et occupe de nombreux postes administratifs sous le règne ottoman. Il étudie notamment la philosophie des sciences islamiques et la littérature orientale à l'université de la Sorbonne à Paris et est nommé professeur à la Société des publications en langues étrangères et Consul général de l’Empire ottoman à Bordeaux (en France) de 1898 à 1908.

En 1908, Ruhi al-Khalidi est l'un des trois délégués élus pour représenter Jérusalem au sein du nouveau parlement ottoman. Il devient vice-président du Parlement en 1911 et représentant de l'Assemblée nationale de Jérusalem. Il soulève la question du sionisme à plusieurs reprises lors de sessions parlementaires, mettant en garde contre les conséquences potentiellement négatives de l'immigration juive et la poursuite de la vente des terres représentant sa patrie.
Il est notamment l'un des pionniers dans la rédaction de manuscrits sur le sionisme ("Le sionisme ou la question sioniste").

Il publie aussi d’autres écrits sur des thèmes variés qui témoignent de ses sujets d'études : An Introduction to the Eastern Question (1897), Victor Hugo and A Comparative Study of Arabic and French Literature (première publication en arabe en 1904 ; réédition en 1912), Chemistry Among the Arabs (arabe, 1953).

Horatio Herbert Kitchener, known as Lord Kitchener, born in Ballylongford (County Kerry, Ireland) on June 24, 1850.

Son of an officer, the family moved to Switzerland after the death of his mother in 1864. He then studied at a French college in Geneva. Then he entered the Royal Military Academy in Woolwich in 1868. He enlisted in 1870 as a volunteer in the army of Napoleon III during the Franco-Prussian War.
He became an officer of the Royal Engineers on January 4, 1871, and spent several periods in Palestine, Cyprus and Egypt, where he learned Arabic. In 1874, he was asked to map Palestine with the help of officer Conder. He returned to England in 1875, and his cartographic surveys were published.

He was appointed Sirdar, i.e. Commander-in-Chief of the Egyptian army in 1892 and was appointed Governor of Sudan in 1896. On his return from the Second Boer War in 1902 he was made viscount by Queen Victoria. He commanded the Indian Army, which he reorganized (1902-1909); created the Australian Army; and ended up as Consul-General of Egypt (1911-1914). He was appointed Minister of War in 1914.

He died during a mission that was to take him to Russia on June 5, 1916.

After having studied the production of large aircrafts since the 1880's and having manufactured some prototypes, Count Ferdinand von Zeppelin created Luftschiffbau Zeppelin GmbH on September 8th, 1908, thanks to capital provided by people who were passionate about his research. The aircrafts made by the firm could be for military or civilian use.

From the end of World War I to 1926, the production of military and large airwrafts was prohibited in Germany. This situation led the firm to a first diversification of its activity. It resumed its original productions in the late 1920's. In the 1930's, its aircrafts travelled to different and distant countries.

At the end of World War II, the firm ceased to exist, replaced the creation of Metallwerk Friedrichshafen GmbH in 1950 with widely diversified activities. Between 1993 and 1994, the original Zeppelin company was reinstated.

Eran Laor was born in Slovakia, and was active in the Allied Intelligence Bureau, assisting in the Aliyah (immigration) of Jews to Israel.
After the establishment of the State, he served as a representative of the Jewish national institutions in Europe. Laor authored books of poetry and philosophy, and also wrote an autobiography.
Together with Shoshana Klein, Laor compiled a catalogue of the map collection entitled Maps of the Holy Land:‎ Cartobibliography of Printed Maps, 1475-1900, published in New York in 1986.

Born December 1884, son of J.H. Luke (formerly Lukacs).Educated Eton College; Trinity College, Oxford.

Private Sec. and ADC to the Governor of Sierra Leone, 1908-11, and to the Governor of Barbados, 1911.
Attached to Colonial Office, 1911.
Private sec. To high Commissioner of Cyprus, 1911-12.
Asst. Sec. to Govt. of Cyprus, 1912.
Served European War (Commander, RNVR) on the Syrian coast, 1914-15, on Staff of Admiral Sir Rosslyn Wemyss, Dardanelles, and as Government Sec., Mudros, Feb. 1915-June 1916.
Comr of Famagusta, Cyprus, 1918.
Political Officer to Admiral of the Fleet Sir J. de Robeck, Constantinople and Black Sea, 1919-20.
British Chief Commissioner in Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan, April-Sept. 1920.
Assistant Gov. of Jerusalem, 1920-24.
Commissioner to inquire into the Jaffa Riots of 1921, and into the affairs of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Jerusalem, 1921.
Colonial Secretary of Sierra Leone, 1924-28.
CMG 1926; Chief Secretary of Palestine, 1928-30.
Lieut.-Gov. of Malta, 1930-38; Kt 1933.
Gov. and C-inC of Fiji, and High Comm. for the Western Pacific, 1938-42.
KCMG 1939.
Chief Rep of the British Council for the Caribbean, 1943-46.
Member of Foreign Relations Council of Ch. of England.
President, Malta League, 1955-65.

Died 11 May 1969.

1832-1871. The control of Algerian civil affairs was entrusted to the Minister of War from 1832 to 1870. In fact, the responsibilities of the Ministry of War for civil affairs in Algeria were devolved to the Ministry of the Interior. A decree of the following May 6 transferred to it the opening of the corresponding credits and a department for civil affairs in Algeria was created within it by the decree of November 8, 1871. The transfer of powers from the Minister of War to the Minister of the Interior was reflected in the administrative plan by a simple transfer of offices from one ministerial department to another.

1905. In 1905, the commission for the reorganization of the administration of the Ministry of the Interior, judging that the office of Algeria lacked means and authority, proposed to turn it into a directorate employing fourteen civil servants and made up of two offices, one in charge of administrative affairs, the other of economic and financial affairs. Five years after its creation, the Directorate of Algerian Affairs was merged with the Directorate of Control and Accounting by the decree of September 16, 1927. The Algerian offices thus became the fourth and fifth offices of the new Directorate of Control, Accounting and Algerian Affairs.

1906. Since 1943, the sub-directorate of Algeria has been composed of three offices: an office of political affairs, an office of administrative affairs, which resulted from a sharing of the functions of the former political office, and an office of economic affairs.

1907. By the ordinance of November 16, 1944 on the organization of the Ministry of the Interior, the sub-directorate of Algeria was attached to the general directorate of regional, departmental and communal administration of the Ministry and consisted of an office of the sub-director, and three offices: a political and social office, headed by Pierre Rosier (ALG-1), an administrative office headed by Maurice Michel (ALG-2), and an economic and financial office, headed by Edouard Léautier (ALG-3).

1908. Decree no. 49-242 of February 23, 1949 brought together the sub-directorate for Algeria and the office in charge of the overseas departments within a service for Algeria and the overseas departments and Algeria attached to the Ministry of the Interior and headed by Prefect Pierre Damelon. A fourth office was created in the subdirectorate of Algeria: the office of the subdirectorate thus created was called the office of coordination and social action.

1955-1956. After the outbreak of the Algerian war, the administration in charge of Algerian affairs was reinforced. The sub-directorate of Algeria was transformed into a directorate by a decree of 3 February 1955. The Minister of the Interior exercised powers in Algerian matters until February 16, 1956, when they were transferred to the President of the Council. On March 16, 1956, the law known as the "special powers" law was passed, giving the government increased powers in terms of reform and maintenance of order. Robert Lacoste then became Minister for Algeria and was in charge of the General Government services as well as the direction of Algerian affairs.

1958. General De Gaulle returned to power on June 1, 1958. He constantly tried to regain control of the Algerian situation and appointed a secretary general for Algerian affairs at his side. To carry out these missions, the Secretary General was assigned a cabinet and a study mission, the direction of Algerian affairs, various organizations and in general the public services and organizations of press, propaganda and economic action dependent on the Ministry of the Interior. He was also in charge of restructuring the ministerial services in charge of Algeria.

1960-1964. It was with the aim of preparing the negotiations with Algeria that General De Gaulle appointed Louis Joxe Minister of State in charge of Algerian affairs, by decree of 22 November 1960. The Prime Minister's powers regarding Algeria were then transferred to him. The General Delegate and the General Secretariat for Algerian Affairs were placed under his authority. The administration of the ministry is composed of a political affairs and information department, headed by Bruno de Leusse, Foreign Affairs Advisor. The department of administrative and social affairs was headed by Pierre Rosier, former deputy director of the Algerian affairs department, and consisted of an office of administrative affairs, an office of social affairs, and an office of the civil service. The department of economic and financial affairs was headed by Robert Rigard, former deputy director of the Algerian affairs department. The last department of the ministry was that of general affairs, headed by M. Dijon.
After the independence of Algeria, the organization of the ministry is naturally modified to face new attributions.

The American Colony was an independent, utopian, Christian sect formed by religious pilgrims who emigrated to Jerusalem from the United States and Sweden. The history of the Colony is intimately linked to the photography collection it spawned. The initial wave of immigrants came to Jerusalem in 1881 from Chicago, Illinois. The "Overcomers," as this group called itself, were followers of the charismatic Horatio Gates Spafford, formerly a lawyer and businessman, and his Norwegian-born, but American raised wife, Anna. A second wave of American immigrants joined the Overcomers in 1896. Olof Henrik Larson, an evangelical Swede who had relocated to America and settled in Chicago, was their leader. He also inspired a sister group from NÃ¥s parish in Dalarna, Sweden, which arrived later the same year.

The year 1898 is widely accepted as the starting point for the American Colony Photo Department, although one of the American Colony members produced photographs prior to that date. In October 1898, Colony photographers documented the triumphal visit of Wilhelm II, the German Kaiser and King of Prussia, and his wife to dedicate the Lutheran Church of the Redeemer in Jerusalem. These photographs captured the interest of the public and were greatly in demand. The income from selling photographs of the royal visit allowed the Colonists to improve their conditions.

Despite the economic prosperity, the growing conflicts between the Americans and the Swedes in the American colony took its toll. In 1934, the original colony dissolved. From a practical standpoint, G. Eric Matson took control of the photo department and its considerable photographic assets.

The Matsons continued their photographic work under the American Colony Photo Department name until 1940, when they re-named the business "The Matson Photo Service."

The Photo Service's clientele expanded to include more newspaper, book, and magazine publishers in Jerusalem and around the world. The Matsons added a wider range of offerings, including color slides. They also obtained photographs from other photographers for resale.

In 1946, in the face of increasing violence in Palestine, the Matsons left Jerusalem for Southern California. The staff shipped the bulk of the negatives to the United States, while the Jerusalem business also continued to operate. By the early 1950s, with tourism on the decline, the Photo Service's staff dispersed, forcing the closing of the Jerusalem operation. The Matsons continued to sell photographs from California.